Bijon Setu massacre

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The Bijon Setu massacre (Bengali: বিজন সেতু হত্যাকাণ্ড) or Ananda Margi Monks killing was the killing and burning of 16 sadhus and a sadhvi belonging to Ananda Marga at Bijon Setu, near Ballygunge, Kolkata in West Bengal, India, on 30 April 1982. Despite the attacks being carried out in broad daylight, no arrests were ever made. After repeated calls for a formal judicial investigation, a single-member judicial commission was set up to investigate the killings in 2012.

Incident[edit]

On the morning of 30 April 1982, 17 Ananda Marga renunciates (16 monks and one nun) were dragged out of taxis that were taking them to an educational conference at the organization's headquarters in Tiljala, Kolkata. They were beaten to death and then set on fire simultaneously at three different locations. It was reported that the killings took place in broad daylight and were witnessed by thousands of people, as they were performed in public.[1]

Initial press reports and reactions[edit]

The Statesman Weekly, the leading Calcutta newspaper at the time, reported a week after the incident that "Seventeen Ananda Margis, two of them women, were done to death on April 30 morning by frenzied mobs at three places in South Calcutta in the suspicion that they were child-lifters."[2] The reporting did not include any compassion for the victims or their families, a tone that prefigured the reaction of both government and the media. Similar unsympathetic reporting appeared in the 5 May edition of the Statesman as well as contemporaneous editions of Sunday and India Today. The Minister of State for Home Affairs was quoted to the effect that the police reaction could have been improved but then went on to reassure members of Parliament that "the Government was watching the activities of the Marg [Ananda Marga members]".[2] In his study on the incident, historian Narasingha Sil concluded the government's overall attitude was that the Ananda Marga members had "got themselves killed because they were so sinfully invidious".[3]:4 The wire story sent out by United Press International added the detail that two of the nuns who were killed were "seen carrying a child near a railway station".[4]

Explanations[edit]

As part of its initial coverage, The Statesman Weekly reported the state's Chief Minister's suspicions that the attack had been staged to embarrass the party in power prior to the upcoming election.[3]:4 Ananda Marga blamed the attack on the Communist Party of India (Marxist). [5]:257 While this accusation was repeated for many years,[6][7] recent Ananda Marga scholarship now assumes the mob was motivated by unfounded allegations of child kidnapping.[8]:20

Narasingha Sil discusses at length the state of the reputation of Ananda Marga in the years and months leading up to the massacre.[3]:15 Sil describes how members of Ananda Marga had engaged in many acts of violence (including murders of members leaving the group); media coverage and government response made the group out to be far more violent than it actually was. Sil then describes how the term "child-lifter" (chheledhara) is a particularly loathsome label in Bengal and draws the parallel to how women accused of witchcraft were treated in the West.[3]:15 Sil reports how three people were beaten to death by a mob after being suspected of child kidnapping even though no report of any such kidnappings had been made to the police.[Note 1]

Historian Helen Crovetto further develops this line of thought, noting that the social services provided by the Ananda Marga may have made them more vulnerable to such an accusation.[5]:257

Investigations and memorials[edit]

Jyoti Basu was the Chief Minister of the Left Front Government in Bengal when this incident took place. At that time, Jyoti Basu's police was accused of inaction. Faced with pressure, Mr. Basu formed the Deb Commission. But Ananda Margis had no faith on that Commission because, along with Kanti Ganguly, other prominent CPM leaders were accused in this incident.[10] The National Human Rights Commission took up the investigation of the case in 1996 but did not make much headway, allegedly due to interference from the state government at the time.[11] On 30 April 1999 the Ananda Marga Pracharaka Samgha (AMPS) demanded a high-level judicial probe, led by a working Supreme Court judge, into the mass killing of Ananda Margis.[12][10] On 30 April 2004, Ananda Marga was able to hold the first rally in Calcutta commemorating the massacre without the necessity of first acquiring a court order forcing the police to allow the rally to occur.[13] The group continues to block the bridge and nearby areas on 30 April every year holding a procession.[14] They observe this day as 'Save Humanity Day'. After the Trinamool Congress came to power, Amitabh Lala Commission of Inquiry, a single-member judicial commission under the supervision of Amitabh Lala, a former judge of the Calcutta High Court was empaneled in March 2012 to investigate the killings, after repeated appeals for a formal judicial inquiry. The Commission appointed by the West Bengal Government has already completed its investigation. It is also heard that the report has been submitted.[11][10] According to Commission sources, some documents allegedly show that important CPM leaders of the Kasba-Jadavpur area met at Colony Bazar in Picnic Garden on February 6, 1982, to discuss the Ananda Margis, whose headquarters was then coming up at what was at the time a difficult-to-access location in Tiljala. Those reportedly present at the meeting were Kanti Ganguly, minister in the last Left Front cabinet; Sachin Sen, former CPM MLA, now dead; Nirmal Haldar, local CPM leader; Amal Majumdar, former councillor of ward no 108 (Tiljala-Kasba); and Somnath Chatterjee, then MP from Jadavpur and subsequently Speaker of Lok Sabha. The Ananda Margis earned the wrath of the Communists because they were ideologically opposed to them, and the CPM of the early 80s was deeply suspicious of their activities. The first attack on the Margis occurred in 1967 at its Purulia Global Headquarters where five of them were murdered allegedly by the cadres of CPI(M). Only two years later, the Coochbehar congregation of the Ananda Marga was attacked. The CPM always believed political ambitions and agenda lay underneath the spiritual-religious cover of the Marga. Even after the Bijon Setu Massacre of 1982, in April 1990, five members of the Ananda Marga were allegedly murdered by CPI(M) cadres in Purulia. Regarding the heinous murders of 1982, Chief Minister Jyoti Basu had infamously said, “What can be done? Such things do happen”. No justice was ever done on the matter during the decades of CPI(M) rule in Bengal, nor has any been done yet.[15][16][17]

Notes[edit]

  1. ↑ On 25 August 2010 a woman in Chittagong was lynched by a mob after a similar accusation. The news report indicated that this was an ongoing problem.[9]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Namboodiri, Udayan (2 May 1997). "Basu Govt still suppressing facts on Margi massacre". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 12 March 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "?", The Statesman Weekly, pp. 1, 7, 8 May 1982 – via cited in Sil (1988), pp. 3–4.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Sil, Narasingha (1988), "The Troubled World of the Ananda Marga: An Examination", The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies, 27 (4)
  4. ↑ United Press International (1 May 1982), Mobs in Calcutta Burn 5 Monks Alive, Stab 12, Sarasota Herald-Tribune
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Crovetto, Helen (2011), "Ananda Marga, Prout, and the Use of Force", in Lewis, James R. (ed.), Violence and New Religious Movements, Oxford University Press, pp. 249–274, ISBN 9780199735631
  6. ↑ "Controversial Movement Survives Years of Conflict, Emerges Stronger Than Ever". Hinduism Today. May 1989. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  7. ↑ CPI-M's allegation against us baseless, malicious: AMPS, PTI, 30 April 2011, archived from the original on 11 April 2013, retrieved 17 February 2013
  8. ↑ Inayatullah, Sohail (2002). Understanding Sarkar: The Indian Episteme Macrohistory and Transformative Knowledge. Brill. ISBN 9004121935.
  9. ↑ Another woman falls prey to kidnap hoax in Ctg, BanglaNews24.com, 25 August 2010, archived from the original on 7 April 2013
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 https://biswabanglasangbad.com/2021/04/30/anandmarg-monks-demand-new-government-to-punish-culprits-in-bijan-setu/
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Judicial probe into killings of Margis, The Statesman, 7 March 2012, archived from the original on 13 April 2013
  12. ↑ "Proof into killings of Ananda Margis sought", Indian Express, 1 May 1999, archived from the original on 17 January 2008
  13. ↑ Police nod for Marga rally, The Telegraph, 28 April 2004, retrieved 17 February 2013
  14. ↑ "Procession for 'slain' Ananda Margis today", Indian Express, 1 May 2015
  15. ↑ https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-corpses-of-a-1982-killing-are-stirring-again/
  16. ↑ OpIndia.com [@OpIndia_com] (26 April 2020). "The Bijon Setu Massacre: When 16 monks and a nun of Ananda Marga were lynched to death and burnt alive in broad daylight in Kolkata t.co/VsNradir0c?amp=1" (Tweet). Retrieved 13 June 2021 – via Twitter.
  17. ↑ https://www.facebook.com/UnStupidIndia/posts/116108640206677

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