List of national anthems

From Bharatpedia, an open encyclopedia


This article is about the anthems of nation states. For anthems of other territories, including constituent countries, see List of regional anthems.
Rouget de Lisle, the composer of the French national anthem "La Marseillaise", sings it for the first time. The anthem is one of the earliest to be adopted by a modern state, in 1795.

Most nation states have an anthem, defined as "a song, as of praise, devotion, or patriotism";[1] most anthems are either marches or hymns in style. A song or hymn can become a national anthem under the state's constitution, by a law enacted by its legislature, or simply by tradition.[2] A royal anthem is a patriotic song similar to a national anthem, but it specifically praises or prays for a monarch or royal dynasty. Such anthems are usually performed at public appearances by the monarch or during other events of royal importance.[3] Some states use their royal anthem as the national anthem, such as the state anthem of Jordan.

There are multiple claimants to the position of oldest national anthem.[4] Among the national anthems, the first to be composed was the Dutch national anthem, the "Wilhelmus", which was written between 1568 and 1572.[5] This has both Dutch and English language versions and is unusual in being an acrostic in both languages. The Japanese anthem, "Kimigayo", employs the oldest lyrics of any national anthem, taking its words from the "Kokin Wakashū", which was first published in 905, yet these words were not set to music until 1880.[6] The first anthem to be officially adopted as such was the Spanish anthem "La Marcha Real", in 1770; its origins remain unclear; it is suggested that it has 16th century Venetian origins, or even that it was composed by king Frederick the Great himself; it is also one of the few national anthems that has never had official lyrics.[7] Anthems became increasingly popular among European states in the 18th century.[8] For example, the British national anthem "God Save the Queen" was first performed as "God Save the King" in 1745.[9] The French anthem "La Marseillaise" was written half a century later in 1792, and adopted in 1795.[10]

National anthems are usually written in the most common language of the state, whether de facto or official. States with multiple national languages may offer several versions of their anthem. For instance, Switzerland's national anthem has different lyrics for each of the country's four official languages: French, German, Italian, and Romansh.[11] One of New Zealand's two national anthems is commonly sung with the first verse in Māori ("Aotearoa") and the second in English ("God Defend New Zealand"). The tune is the same but the lyrics have different meanings. South Africa's national anthem is unique in that it is two different songs put together with five of the country's eleven official languages being used, in which each language comprises a stanza.[12]


UN member states and observer states[edit]

National anthems of UN member states and observer states
Country National anthem[lower-alpha 1] Date adopted (de jure) Lyricist Composer/Artist Audio Ref.
 Afghanistan "دا د باتورانو کور (Dā də bātorāno kor)"
("This Is the Home of the Brave") 		2021 Government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Unknown [15][16]
 Albania "Betimi mbi Flamur"
("The Pledge on the Flag") 		1912 Aleksandër Stavre Drenova Ciprian Porumbescu Template:*sound2 [17]
 Algeria "Kassaman"
("We Pledge") 		1962 Moufdi Zakaria Mohamed Fawzi Template:*sound2 [18]
 Andorra "El gran Carlemany"
("The Great Charlemagne") 		1914 Enric Marfany Bons Juan Benlloch y Vivó Template:*sound2 [19]
 Angola "Angola Avante"
("Onward Angola") 		1975 Manuel Rui Alves Monteiro Rui Mingas [pt] Template:*sound2 [20]
 Antigua and Barbuda "Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee"[lower-alpha 2] 1981 Novelle Hamilton Richards Walter Garnet Picart Chambers Template:*sound2 [21][22]
 Argentina "Himno Nacional Argentino"
("Argentine National Anthem") 		1813 Vicente López y Planes Blas Parera Template:*sound2 [23][24]
 Armenia "Մեր Հայրենիք Mer Hayrenik"
("Our Fatherland") 		1918, 1991 Mikael Nalbandian Barsegh Kanachyan Template:*sound2 [25]
 Australia "Advance Australia Fair"[lower-alpha 2] 1984 Peter Dodds McCormick Peter Dodds McCormick Template:*sound2 [26][27]
 Austria "Bundeshymne der Republik Österreich"
("National Anthem of the Republic of Austria") 		1947 Paula von Preradović Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart/Johann Holzer [de] Template:*sound2 [28]
 Azerbaijan "Azərbaycan marşı"
("Azerbaijan's Anthem") 		1918 Ahmed Javad Uzeyir Hajibeyov Template:*sound2 [29][30]
 Bahamas "March On, Bahamaland"[lower-alpha 2] 1973 Timothy Gibson Timothy Gibson Template:*sound2 [31][32]
 Bahrain "Bahrainona"
("Our Bahrain") 		1971 Mohamed Sudqi Ayyash Unknown Template:*sound2 [33]
 Bangladesh "Amar Shonar Bangla"
("My Golden Bengal") 		1972 Rabindranath Tagore Samar Das Template:*sound2 [34]
 Barbados "In Plenty and In Time of Need" 1966 Irving Burgie C. Van Roland Edwards Template:*sound2 [35]
 Belarus "My Belarusy"
("We, the Belarusians")[lower-alpha 3] 		1955 Michael Klimovich Nestar Sakalowski Template:*sound2 [36][37]
 Belgium "La Brabançonne"
("The Brabantian") 		1830 Jenneval (Louis-Alexandre Dechet) François Van Campenhout Template:*sound2 [38][39]
 Belize "Land of the Free" 1981 Samuel Alfred Haynes Selwyn Walford Young Template:*sound2 [40]
 Benin "L'Aube Nouvelle"
("The Dawn of a New Day") 		1960 Gilbert Jean Dagnon Gilbert Jean Dagnon Template:*sound2 [41]
 Bhutan "Druk tsendhen"
("The Thunder Dragon Kingdom") 		1953 Dasho Gyaldun Thinley Aku Tongmi [42][43]
 Bolivia "Himno Nacional de Bolivia"
("National Anthem of Bolivia") 		1852 José Ignacio de Sanjinés Leopoldo Benedetto Vincenti Template:*sound2 [44]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina "Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine"
("The National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina") 		1999 Awaiting official approval Dušan Šestić [45]
 Botswana "Fatshe leno la rona"
("Blessed Be This Noble Land") 		1966 Kgalemang Tumedisco Motsete Kgalemang Tumedisco Motsete Template:*sound2 [46]
 Brazil "Hino Nacional Brasileiro"
("Brazilian National Anthem") 		1831 Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada Francisco Manuel da Silva Template:*sound2 [47]
 Brunei "Allah Peliharakan Sultan"
("God Bless the Sultan") 		1951 Pengiran Haji Mohamed Yusuf bin Abdul Rahim Besar bin Sagap Template:*sound2 [48]
 Bulgaria "Mila Rodino"
("Dear Motherland") 		1964 Tsvetan Radoslavov Tsvetan Radoslavov Template:*sound2 [49]
 Burkina Faso "Une Seule Nuit"
("One Single Night") 		1984 Thomas Sankara Thomas Sankara Template:*sound2 [50]
 Burundi "Burundi Bwacu"
("Our Burundi") 		1962 Jean-Baptiste Ntahokaja and others Marc Barengayabo [51]
 Cambodia "Nokor Reach"
("Royal Kingdom") 		1941 Samdach Chuon Nat F. Perruchot and J. Jekyll Template:*sound2 [52]
 Cameroon "O Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres"
("O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers") 		1957 René Djam Afame, Samuel Minkio Bamba, Moïse Nyatte Nko'o (French),
Dr Bernard Fonlon (English) 		René Djam Afame Template:*sound2 [53]
 Canada "Ô Canada"
("O Canada")[lower-alpha 2] 		1980 Adolphe-Basile Routhier (French);
Robert Stanley Weir (English) 		Calixa Lavallée Template:*sound2 [54][55][56]
 Cape Verde "Cântico da Liberdade"
("Song of Freedom") 		1996 Amílcar Spencer Lopes Adalberto Higino Tavares Silva Template:*sound2 [57]
 Central African Republic "La Renaissance"
("The Rebirth") 		1960 Barthélémy Boganda Herbert Pepper Template:*sound2 [58]
 Chad "La Tchadienne"
("People of Chad") 		1960 Louis Gidrol and others Paul Villard Template:*sound2 [59]
 Chile "Himno Nacional de Chile"
("National Anthem of Chile") 		1847 Eusebio Lillo Ramón Carnicer Template:*sound2 [60]
 China "Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ"
("March of the Volunteers") 		1949 (provisional)
1982 (official)
2004 (constitutional) 		Tian Han Nie Er Template:*sound2 [61]
 Colombia "Himno Nacional de la República de Colombia"
("National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia") 		1886 Rafael Núñez Oreste Sindici Template:*sound2 [62]
 Comoros "Udzima wa ya Masiwa"
("The Union of the Great Islands") 		1978 Said Hachim Sidi Abderemane Said Hachim Sidi Abderemane and Kamildine Abdallah Template:*sound2 [63]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo "Debout Congolais"
("Arise Congolese") 		1960, 1997 Joseph Lutumba Simon-Pierre Boka di Mpasi Londi Template:*sound2 [64]
 Republic of the Congo "La Congolaise"
("The Congolese") 		1959, 1991 Jacques Tondra and Georges Kibanghi Jean Royer and Joseph Spadilière Template:*sound2 [65]
 Costa Rica "Himno Nacional de Costa Rica"
("National Anthem of Costa Rica") 		1853 José María Zeledón Brenes Manuel María Gutiérrez Template:*sound2 [66]
 Croatia "Lijepa naša domovino"
("Our Beautiful Homeland")[lower-alpha 4] 		1972 Antun Mihanović Josip Runjanin Template:*sound2 [67][68]
 Cuba "El Himno de Bayamo"
("The Anthem of Bayamo") 		1902 Perucho Figueredo Perucho Figueredo Template:*sound2 [69]
 Cyprus "Ýmnos eis tīn Eleutherían"
("Hymn to Liberty")[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] 		1960 Dionýsios Solomós Nikolaos Mantzaros Template:*sound2 [70]
 Czech Republic "Kde domov můj"
("Where My Home is")[lower-alpha 7] 		1918 Josef Kajetán Tyl František Škroup Template:*sound2 [71][72]
 Denmark "Der er et yndigt land"
("There is a lovely country")[lower-alpha 8] 		1835 Adam Oehlenschläger Hans Ernst Krøyer Template:*sound2 [73]
 Djibouti "Djibouti" 1977 Aden Elmi Abdi Robleh Template:*sound2 [74]
 Dominica "Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendour" 1978 Wilfred Oscar Morgan Pond Lemuel McPherson Christian Template:*sound2 [75]
 Dominican Republic "Himno Nacional"
("National Anthem") 		1934 Emilio Prud'Homme José Rufino Reyes y Siancas Template:*sound2 [76]
 East Timor "Pátria"
("Fatherland") 		2002 Francisco Borja da Costa Afonso de Araujo Template:*sound2 [77]
 Ecuador "Salve, Oh Patria"
("We Salute You, Our Homeland") 		1948 Juan León Mera Antonio Neumane Template:*sound2 [78]
 Egypt "Bilady, Bilady, Bilady"
("My Country, My Country, My Country") 		1979 Mohamed Younis Al-Qady
(adapted from a speech by
Mustafa Kamil) 		Sayed Darwish Template:*sound2 [79]
 El Salvador "Himno Nacional de El Salvador"
("National Anthem of El Salvador") 		1879 Juan José Cañas Juan Aberle Template:*sound2 [80]
 Equatorial Guinea "Caminemos pisando las sendas de nuestra inmensa felicidad"
("Let Us Tread the Path of our Immense Happiness") 		1968 Atanasio Ndongo Miyone Ramiro Sánchez Lopes Template:*sound2 [81]
 Eritrea "Ertra, Ertra, Ertra"
("Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea") 		1993 Solomon Tsehaye Beraki Isaac Abraham Meharezghi and Aron Tekle Tesfatsion Template:*sound2 [82]
 Estonia "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm"
("My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy") 		1920 Johann Voldemar Jannsen Fredrik Pacius Template:*sound2 [83][84]
 Eswatini "Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati"
("O Lord our God of the Swazi") 		1968 Andrease Enoke Fanyana Simelane David Kenneth Rycroft Template:*sound2 [85]
 Ethiopia "Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya"
("March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia") 		1992 Dereje Melaku Mengesha Solomon Lulu Mitiku Template:*sound2 [86][87]
 Fiji "Meda Dau Doka"
("God Bless Fiji") 		1970 Michael Francis Alexander Prescott Charles Austin Miles Template:*sound2 [88]
 Finland Finnish: "Maamme"
Swedish: "Vårt Land"
("Our Land") 		1917[lower-alpha 9] Johan Ludvig Runeberg (Swedish)
Paavo Cajander (Finnish) 		Fredrik Pacius Template:*sound2 [89]
 France "La Marseillaise"
("The Marseillaise") 		1795 Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle Template:*sound2 [10]
 Gabon "La Concorde"
("The Concorde") 		1960 Georges Aleka Damas Georges Aleka Damas Template:*sound2 [90]
 The Gambia "For The Gambia Our Homeland" 1965 Virginia Julie Howe Jeremy Frederick Howe Template:*sound2 [91]
 Georgia "თავისუფლება Tavisupleba"
("Freedom") 		2004 David Magradze Zakaria Paliashvili Template:*sound2 [92]
 Germany "Lied der Deutschen"
("Song of the Germans")[lower-alpha 10] 		1922 August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben Joseph Haydn Template:*sound2 [93]
 Ghana "God Bless Our Homeland Ghana" 1957 Government committee Philip Gbeho Template:*sound2 [94]
 Greece "Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν/Ὕμνος πρὸς τὴν ἘλευθερίανÝmnos

eis tīn Eleutherían"
("Hymn to Liberty" or "Hymn to Freedom")[lower-alpha 5]

1865 Dionýsios Solomós Nikolaos Mantzaros Template:*sound2 [95]
 Grenada "Hail Grenada" 1974 Irva Merle Baptiste Louis Arnold Masanto Template:*sound2 [96]
 Guatemala "Himno Nacional de Guatemala"
("National Anthem of Guatemala") 		1896 José Joaquín Palma Rafael Álvarez Ovalle Template:*sound2 [97]
 Guinea "Liberté"
("Freedom") 		1958 Unknown Kodofo Moussa Template:*sound2 [98]
 Guinea-Bissau "Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada"
("This Is Our Beloved Country") 		1974 Amílcar Cabral Xiao He Template:*sound2 [99]
 Guyana "Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains" 1966 Archibald Leonard Luker Robert Cyril Gladstone Potter Template:*sound2 [100]
 Haiti "La Dessalinienne"
("Song of Dessalines") 		1904 Justin Lhérisson Nicolas Geffrard Template:*sound2 [101]
 Honduras "Himno Nacional de Honduras"
("National Anthem of Honduras") 		1915 Augusto Constancio Coello Carlos Hartling Template:*sound2 [102]
 Hungary "Himnusz"
("Hymn") 		1989 Ferenc Kölcsey Ferenc Erkel Template:*sound2 [103][104]
 Iceland "Lofsöngur"
("Hymn") 		1944 Matthías Jochumsson Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson Template:*sound2 [105]
 India "জন গণ মন Jana Gana Mana"
("Hail the ruler of all minds") 		1950 Rabindranath Tagore Margaret Cousins Template:*sound2 [106]
 Indonesia "Indonesia Raya"
("Great Indonesia") 		1945 Wage Rudolf Soepratman Wage Rudolf Soepratman Template:*sound2 [107]
 Iran "Soroud-e Melli-e Jomhouri-e Eslami-e Iran"
("National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran") 		1990 Sayed Bagheri Hassan Riyahi Template:*sound2 [108]
 Iraq "Mawtini" ("My Homeland") 2004 Ibrahim Touqan Mohammed Flayfel Template:*sound2 [109]
 Ireland "Amhrán na bhFiann"
("The Soldier's Song") 		1926 Peadar Kearney (English)
Liam Ó Rinn (Irish) 		Peadar Kearney and Patrick Heeney Template:*sound2 [110]
 Israel "הַתִּקְוָה Hatikvah"
("The Hope") 		2004 Naftali Herz Imber Samuel Cohen Template:*sound2 [111]
 Italy "Il Canto degli Italiani"
("The Song of the Italians") 		1946 Goffredo Mameli Michele Novaro Template:*sound2 [112][113]
 Ivory Coast "L'Abidjanaise"
("Song of Abidjan") 		1960 Mathieu Vangah Ekra [fr], Joachim Bony [fr]
and Pierre Marie Coty [fr] 		Pierre-Michel Pango [fr] Template:*sound2 [114]
 Jamaica "Jamaica, Land We Love"[lower-alpha 2] 1962 Hugh Sherlock Robert Lightbourne Template:*sound2 [115]
 Japan "Kimigayo"
("His Majesty's Reign")[116] 		1999 Traditional Waka poem from the Kokin Wakashū (first published in 905) Yoshiisa Oku and Akimori Hayashi; usually credited to Hiromori Hayashi Template:*sound2 [117]
 Jordan "Al-salam Al-malaki Al-urdoni"
("The Royal Anthem of Jordan") 		1946 Abdul Monem Al-Refai Abdul Qader al-Taneer Template:*sound2 [118]
 Kazakhstan "Meniñ Qazaqstanım"
("My Kazakhstan") 		2006 Zhumeken Nazhimedenov
(with modifications by
Nursultan Nazarbayev) 		Shamshi Kaldayakov Template:*sound2 [119]
 Kenya "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"
("Oh God of All Creation") 		1963 Graham Hyslop, G. W. Senoga-Zake, Thomas Kalume, Peter Kibukosya, and Washington Omondi The Anthem Commission Template:*sound2 [120]
 Kiribati "Kunan Kiribati"
("Song of Kiribati") 		1979 Tamuera Ioteba Uriam Tamuera Ioteba Uruam Template:*sound2 [121]
 North Korea "Aegukka"
("The Patriotic Song") 		1947 Pak Seyŏng Kim Wŏn'gyun [122]
 South Korea "Aegukga"
("The Patriotic Song") 		1948 An Chang-ho Ahn Eak-tae Template:*sound2 [123]
 Kuwait "Al-Nasheed Al-Watani"
("National Anthem") 		1978 Ahmad Meshari Al-Adwani Ibrahim Al-Soula Template:*sound2 [124]
 Kyrgyzstan "Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni"
("National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic") 		1992 Djamil Sadykov and Eshmambet Kuluev Nasyr Davlesov and Kalyi Moldobasanov Template:*sound2 [125]
 Laos "Pheng Xat Lao"
("Hymn of the Lao People") 		1947 Sisana Sisane Thongdy Sounthonevichit Template:*sound2 [126]
 Latvia "Dievs, svētī Latviju!"
("God Bless Latvia") 		1920 Kārlis Baumanis Kārlis Baumanis Template:*sound2 [127]
 Lebanon "Lebanese National Anthem" 1927 Rashid Nakhle Wadia Sabra Template:*sound2 [128]
 Lesotho "Lesotho Fatše La Bontata Rona"
("Lesotho, Land of Our Fathers") 		1966 François Coillard Ferdinand-Samuel Laur Template:*sound2 [129]
 Liberia "All Hail, Liberia, Hail!" 1847 Daniel Bashiel Warner Olmstead Luca Template:*sound2 [130]
 Libya "Libya, Libya, Libya" 2011 Al Bashir Al Arebi Mohammed Abdel Wahab Template:*sound2 [131]
 Liechtenstein "Oben am jungen Rhein"
("High on the young Rhine") 		1963 Jakob Josef Jauch Unknown[lower-alpha 11] Template:*sound2 [132]
 Lithuania "Tautiška giesmė"
("National Song") 		1919 Vincas Kudirka Vincas Kudirka Template:*sound2 [133]
 Luxembourg "Ons Heemecht"
("Our Homeland") 		1993 Michel Lentz Jean Antoine Zinnen Template:*sound2 [134]
 Madagascar "Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!"
("Oh, Beloved Land of our Ancestors") 		1958 Pastor Rahajason Norbert Raharisoa Template:*sound2 [135]
 Malawi "Mulungu dalitsa Malaŵi"
("God Bless Malawi") 		1964 Michael-Fredrick Paul Sauka Michael-Fredrick Paul Sauka Template:*sound2 [136]
 Malaysia "Negaraku"
("My Country") 		1957 multiple Pierre-Jean de Béranger Template:*sound2 [137]
 Maldives "Gaumii salaam"
("National Salute") 		1972 Muhammad Jameel Didi Pandit Wannakuwattawaduge Don Amaradeva Template:*sound2 [138]
 Mali "Le Mali"
("Mali") 		1962 Seydou Badian Kouyate Banzumana Sissoko Template:*sound2 [139]
 Malta "L-Innu Malti"
("The Maltese Hymn") 		1964 Dun Karm Psaila Robert Samut Template:*sound2 [140]
 Marshall Islands "Forever Marshall Islands" 1991 Amata Kabua Amata Kabua Template:*sound2 [141]
 Mauritania "Bilada-l ubati-l hudati-l kiram"
("Country of the Proud, Guiding Noblemen") 		2017 Unknown Rageh Daoud Template:*sound2 [142]
 Mauritius "Motherland" 1968 Jean Georges Prosper Philippe Gentil (M.B.E. Esq.) Template:*sound2 [143]
 Mexico "Himno Nacional Mexicano"
("Mexican National Anthem") 		1943 Francisco González Bocanegra Jaime Nunó Template:*sound2 [144]
Template:Country data Micronesia "Patriots of Micronesia" 1991 Unknown Traditional German song (Ich hab' mich ergeben) Template:*sound2 [145]
 Moldova "Limba noastră"
("Our Language") 		1994 Alexei Mateevici Alexandru Cristea Template:*sound2 [146]
 Monaco "Hymne Monégasque"
("Monégasque Anthem") 		1848 Louis Notari Charles Albrecht Template:*sound2 [147]
 Mongolia "Mongol ulsiin töriin duulal"
("National Anthem of Mongolia") 		1950 Tsendiin Damdinsüren Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Luvsanjambyn Mördorj Template:*sound2 [148]
 Montenegro "Oj, svijetla majska zoro"
("O, Bright Dawn of May") 		2004 folk song Žarko Mirković Template:*sound2 [149][150]
 Morocco "Hymne Chérifien"
("Cherifian Anthem") 		1956 Ali Squalli Houssaini Léo Morgan Template:*sound2 [151]
 Mozambique "Pátria Amada"
(Beloved Homeland") 		2002 Salomão J. Manhiça and Mia Couto Justino Sigaulane Chemane Template:*sound2 [152]
 Myanmar "ကမ္ဘာမကျေ Kaba Ma Kyei"
("Till the End of the World") 		1948 Tsaya Ting Tsaya Ting Template:*sound2 [153]
 Namibia "Namibia, Land of the Brave" 1991 Axali Doëseb Axali Doëseb Template:*sound2 [154]
 Nauru "Nauru Bwiema"
("Song of Nauru") 		1968 Margaret Hendrie Laurence Henry Hicks [155]
   Nepal "Sayaun Thunga Phulka"
("Made of Hundreds of Flowers") 		2007 Byakul Maila Amber Gurung Template:*sound2 [156]
 Netherlands "Wilhelmus"
("William") 		1932 Philips of Marnix, or Dirck Coornhert or Petrus Dathenus Adrianus Valerius Template:*sound2 [157]
 New Zealand "God Defend New Zealand"[lower-alpha 2] 1940 (national hymn)
1977 (national anthem)
[lower-alpha 12] 		Thomas Bracken (English version)
[lower-alpha 12]
Thomas H. Smith (Māori version)[lower-alpha 12] 		John Joseph Woods[lower-alpha 12] Template:*sound2 [158]
 Nicaragua "Salve a ti, Nicaragua"
("Hail to Thee, Nicaragua") 		1918 Salomón Ibarra Mayorga Luis A. Delgadillo Template:*sound2 [159]
 Niger "La Nigérienne"
("The Nigerien") 		1961 Maurice Albert Thiriet Robert Jacquet and Nicolas Abel François Frionnet [160]
 Nigeria "Arise, O Compatriots" 1978 John A. Ilechukwu, Eme Etim Akpan, B. A. Ogunnaike, Sotu Omoigui, and P. O. Aderibighe Nigerian Police Band, under the directorship of B. E. Odiase Template:*sound2 [161]
 North Macedonia "Denes nad Makedonija"
("Today Over Macedonia") 		1992 Vlado Maleski Todor Skalovski Template:*sound2 [162]
 Norway "Ja, vi elsker dette landet"
("Yes, We Love This Country")[lower-alpha 13] 		2019[lower-alpha 14] Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson Rikard Nordraak Template:*sound2 [163][164]
 Oman "Nashid as-Salaam as-Sultani"
("Sultanic Salute")
 1932 Rashid bin Uzayyiz Al Khusaidi James Frederick Mills, arranged by Bernard Ebbinghaus Template:*sound2 [165]
 Pakistan "Qaumī Tarāna"
("National Anthem") 		1954 Hafeez Jullundhri Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla Template:*sound2 [166]
 Palau "Belau rekid"
("Our Palau") 		1980 multiple Ymesei O. Ezekiel Template:*sound2 [167][168]
 Palestine "Fida'i"
("Fedayeen warrior") 		1996 Said Al Muzayin Ali Ismael Template:*sound2 [169]
 Panama "Himno Istmeño"
("Hymn of the Isthmus") 		1925 Jeronimo de la Ossa Santos Jorge Template:*sound2 [170]
 Papua New Guinea "O Arise, All You Sons"[lower-alpha 2] 1975 Tom Shacklady Tom Shacklady Template:*sound2 [171]
 Paraguay "Himno Nacional Paraguayo"
("Paraguayan National Anthem") 		1933 Francisco Acuña de Figueroa Francisco José Debali Template:*sound2 [172]
 Peru "Himno Nacional del Perú"
("National Anthem of Peru") 		1821 José de la Torre Ugarte y Alarcón Jose Bernardo Alcedo Template:*sound2 [173]
 Philippines "Lupang Hinirang"
("Chosen Land") 		1898 José Palma Julián Felipe Template:*sound2 [174]
 Poland "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego"
("Poland Is Not Yet Lost")[lower-alpha 15] 		1797 Józef Wybicki Unknown Template:*sound2 [175]
 Portugal "A Portuguesa"
("The Portuguese") 		1911 Henrique Lopes de Mendonça Alfredo Keil Template:*sound2 [176]
 Qatar "As Salam al Amiri"
("Peace to the Amir") 		1996 Sheikh Mubarak bin Saïf al-Thani Abdul Aziz Nasser Obaidan Template:*sound2 [177]
 Romania "Deșteaptă-te, române!"
("Awaken Thee, Romanian!") 		1990 Andrei Mureșanu Anton Pann and Gheorghe Ucenescu Template:*sound2 [178]
 Russia "Gosudarstvenny Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii"
("State Hymn of the Russian Federation") 		2000 Sergey Mikhalkov Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov Template:*sound2 [179]
 Rwanda "Rwanda Nziza"
("Beautiful Rwanda") 		2002 Faustin Murigo Jean-Bosco Hashakimana Template:*sound2 [180]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis "O Land of Beauty!"[lower-alpha 2] 1983 Kenrick Georges Kenrick Georges Template:*sound2 [181]
 Saint Lucia "Sons and Daughters of Saint Lucia" 1979 Charles Jesse Leton Felix Thomas Template:*sound2 [182]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines "Saint Vincent, Land so beautiful" 1979 Phyllis Punnett Joel Bertram Miguel Template:*sound2 [183][184]
 Samoa "The Banner of Freedom" 1962 Sauni Iiga Kuresa Sauni Iiga Kuresa [185]
 San Marino "Inno Nazionale della Repubblica"
("The National Anthem of the Republic") 		1894 No official lyrics Federico Consolo Template:*sound2 [186]
 São Tomé and Príncipe "Independência total"
("Total Independence") 		1975 Alda Neves da Graça do Espírito Santo Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e Almeida Template:*sound2 [187]
 Saudi Arabia "As-Salam Al Malaki"
("The Royal Salute") 		1950 Ibrahim Khafaji Abdul Rahman Al-Khateeb Template:*sound2 [188]
 Senegal "Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons"
("Strum your Koras, Strike the Balafons") 		1960 Léopold Sédar Senghor Herbert Pepper Template:*sound2 [189]
 Serbia "Bože pravde"
("God of Justice") 		2006 Jovan Đorđević Davorin Jenko Template:*sound2 [190]
 Seychelles "Koste Seselwa"
("Join together all Seychellois") 		1996 David François Marc André and George Charles Robert Payet David François Marc André and George Charles Robert Payet Template:*sound2 [191]
 Sierra Leone "High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free" 1961 Clifford Nelson Fyle John Akar Template:*sound2 [192]
 Singapore "Majulah Singapura"
("Onward Singapore") 		1965 Zubir Said Zubir Said Template:*sound2 [193]
 Slovakia "Nad Tatrou sa blýska"
("Lightning Over the Tatras")[lower-alpha 7] 		1918 Janko Matúška Unknown; folk tune Template:*sound2 [194][195]
 Slovenia "Zdravljica"
("A Toast")[lower-alpha 16] 		1989 France Prešeren Stanko Premrl Template:*sound2 [196]
 Solomon Islands "God Save Our Solomon Islands"[lower-alpha 2] 1978 Panapasa Balekana and Matila Balekana Panapasa Balekana [197]
 Somalia "Qolobaa Calankeed"
("Praise to the Flag") 		2012 Abdullahi Qarshe Abdullahi Qarshe Template:*sound2 [198]
 South Africa "National anthem of South Africa"[lower-alpha 17] 1997 Enoch Sontonga and C. J. Langenhoven Enoch Sontonga and Marthinus Lourens de Villiers Template:*sound2 [199]
 South Sudan "South Sudan Oyee!" 2011 Students and teachers of Juba University, 2011[200] Students and teachers of Juba University, 2011[200] Template:*sound2 [201]
 Spain "La Marcha Real"
("The Royal March") 		1770
1939[lower-alpha 18] 		Alfonso XIII Manuel de Espinosa de los Monteros Template:*sound2 [202]
 Sri Lanka "Sri Lanka Matha"
("Mother Sri Lanka") 		1951 Ananda Samarakoon (Sinhala)

M. Nallathambi (Tamil)[203]

Rabindranath Tagore

Ananda Samarakoon

Template:*sound2 [204]
 Sudan "Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan"
("We Are the Army of God and of Our Land") 		1956 Sayyed Ahmed Mohammed Salih Ahmad Murjan Template:*sound2 [205]
 Suriname "God zij met ons Suriname"
("God Be With Our Suriname") 		1959 Cornelis Atses Hoekstra and Henry de Ziel Johannes Corstianus de Puy Template:*sound2 [206]
 Sweden "Du gamla, du fria"
("Thou Ancient, Thou Free")[lower-alpha 19] 		1866 de facto (never adopted de jure) Richard Dybeck folk tune Template:*sound2 [207]
  Switzerland "Schweizerpsalm"
("Swiss Psalm") 		1981 Leonhard Widmer (German),
Charles Chatelanat (French),
Camillo Valsangiacomo (Italian),
and Flurin Camathias (Romansch) 		Alberich Zwyssig Template:*sound2 [208]
 Syria "Humāt ad-Diyār"
("Guardians of the Homeland") 		1936 Khalil Mardam Bey Mohammed Flayfel and Ahmad Salim Flayfel Template:*sound2 [209]
 Tajikistan "Surudi Milli"
("National Anthem") 		1991 Gulnazar Keldi Suleiman Yudakov Template:*sound2 [210]
 Tanzania "Mungu ibariki Afrika"
("God Bless Africa") 		1961 collectively Enoch Sontonga Template:*sound2 [211]
 Thailand "Phleng Chat"
("National Song")[lower-alpha 20] 		1939 Luang Saranupraphan Peter Feit Template:*sound2 [212]
 Togo "Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux"
("Hail to Thee, Land of our Forefathers") 		1960 Alex Casimir-Dosseh Alex Casimir-Dosseh Template:*sound2 [213]
 Tonga "Ko e fasi ʻo e tuʻi ʻo e ʻOtu Tonga"
("Song of the King of the Tonga Islands") 		1875 Uelingatoni Ngū Tupoumalohi Carl Gustav Schmitt Template:*sound2 [214][215]
 Trinidad and Tobago "Forged from the Love of Liberty" 1962 Patrick Castagne Patrick Castagne Template:*sound2 [216]
 Tunisia "Humat al-Hima"
("Defenders of the Homeland") 		1987 Mustafa Sadiq Al-Rafi'i and Aboul-Qacem Echebbi Mohammed Abdel Wahab Template:*sound2 [217]
 Turkey "İstiklâl Marşı"
("The March of Independence") 		1921 Mehmet Akif Ersoy Osman Zeki Üngör Template:*sound2 [218]
 Turkmenistan "Garaşsyz, Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni"
("The State Anthem of Independent and Neutral Turkmenistan") 		2008 collectively Veli Mukhatov Template:*sound2 [219]
 Tuvalu "Tuvalu mo te Atua"
("Tuvalu for the Almighty")[lower-alpha 2] 		1978 Afaese Manoa Afaese Manoa [220]
 Uganda "Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty" 1962 George Wilberforce Kakoma George Wilberforce Kakoma Template:*sound2 [221]
 Ukraine "Shche ne vmerla Ukraina"
("Ukraine's Glory Has Not Perished") 		1917 Pavlo Chubynsky Mykhaylo Verbytsky Template:*sound2 [222]
 United Arab Emirates "Ishy Biladi"
("Long Live my Homeland") 		1971 Arif Al Sheikh Abdullah Al Hassan Saad Abdel Wahab Template:*sound2 [223][224]
 United Kingdom "God Save the Queen"[lower-alpha 21][lower-alpha 22] 1745 Henry Carey Unknown Template:*sound2 [225][226]
 United States "The Star-Spangled Banner" 1931 Francis Scott Key John Stafford Smith Template:*sound2 [227]
 Uruguay "Himno Nacional"
("National Anthem") 		1833 Francisco Acuña de Figueroa Francisco José Debali Template:*sound2 [228]
 Uzbekistan "O`zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi"
("National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan") 		1991 Abdulla Aripov Mutal Burhanov Template:*sound2 [229]
 Vanuatu "Yumi, Yumi, Yumi"
("We, We, We") 		1980 François Vincent Ayssav François Vincent Ayssav Template:*sound2 [230]
 Vatican City "Marche Pontificale"
("Pontifical Anthem and March") 		1950 Antonio Allegra Charles Gounod Template:*sound2 [231]
 Venezuela "Gloria al Bravo Pueblo"
("Glory to the Brave People") 		1881 Vicente Salias Juan José Landaeta Template:*sound2 [232]
 Vietnam "Tiến Quân Ca"
("Marching Song") 		1945 Văn Cao Văn Cao Template:*sound2 [233]
 Yemen "National anthem of Yemen" 1990 Abdallah Abdulwahab Noman Ayoob Tarish Template:*sound2 [234][235]
 Zambia "Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free" 1964 collectively Enoch Sontonga Template:*sound2 [236][237]
 Zimbabwe "Simudzai Mureza WeZimbabwe"
("O Lift High the Banner of Zimbabwe") 		1994 Solomon Mutswairo Fred Changundega Template:*sound2 [238]

Anthems of partially recognized states and territories[edit]

Territory[lower-alpha 23] Territorial anthem Date adopted Lyricist Officially known as Composer Audio Ref.
Template:Country data Abkhazia "Aiaaira"
("Victory") 		1992 Genady Alamiya "State Anthem of the Republic of Abkhazia" Valera Çkaduwa Template:*sound2 [239]
Template:Country data Artsakh "Azat u ankakh Artsakh"
("Free and independent Artsakh") 		1992 Vardan Hakobyan "Unofficial State Anthem of the Republic of Artsakh" Armen Nasibyan [240]
 Kosovo "Europe" 2008 No official lyrics "Anthem of the Republic of Kosovo" Mendi Mengjiqi Template:*sound2 [241]
Template:Country data Northern Cyprus "İstiklâl Marşı"
("Independence March") 		1921 Mehmet Akif Ersoy "The Turkish Cypriot State Anthem" Zeki Üngör Template:*sound2 [242][243]
Template:Country data Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic "Yā Banīy As-Saharā"
("O Sons of the Sahara") 		1976 unknown "Western Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republican Anthem" unknown Template:*sound2 [244]
 Somaliland "Samo ku waar" 1991 Hassan Sheikh Mumin "Samo Ku Waar, Somaliland" Hassan Sheikh Mumin Template:*sound2 [245]
Template:Country data South Ossetia "Respublikæ Hussar Irystony Paddzahadon Gimn"
("National Anthem of South Ossetia")		 1995 Totraz Kokaev "Respwlikæ Hwßar İrisânı Pađzahadân Ģimń" Felix Alborov [246]
 Taiwan "San Min Chu-i-ge"
("Song of the Three Principles of the People")[lower-alpha 24]		 1937 (de facto)
1943 (de jure)		 Sun Yat-sen "National Anthem of the Republic of China"[lower-alpha 25] Cheng Maoyun Template:*sound2 [247]
Template:Country data Transnistria "My slavim tebia, Pridnestrovie"
("We glorify you, Pridnestrovie")		 1992 Boris Parmenov, Vitaly Pishenko, Nicholas Bozhko "We chant thy praises of Pridnestrovia" Boris Alexandrov Template:*sound2 [248][249]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ↑ Only United Nations member states and observer states are included in this table.[13][14]
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 "God Save the Queen" is the royal anthem of Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Canada, Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, the Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu, and one of New Zealand's two national anthems.
  3. ↑ "My Belarusy" was originally adopted by the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
  4. ↑ "Lijepa naša domovino" was originally adopted by the Socialist Republic of Croatia.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Hymn to Liberty" or "Hymn to Freedom" is the national anthem of both Cyprus and Greece.
  6. ↑ By the power of the Constitution of Cyprus, the Turkish national anthem "İstiklâl Marşı" was used when a Turkish Cypriot representative was present. The practice lasted up to 1963.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Originally adopted by Czechoslovakia as a part of its hymn in 1918 (together with Slovak "Nad Tatrou sa blýska"), and latter in 1993 by the Czech Republic (already without the Slovak part).
  8. ↑ "Kong Christian stod ved højen mast" ("King Christian stood by the lofty mast") is the second national anthem of Denmark. Both anthems have equal status.
  9. ↑ First performed in 1848. National anthem status gained through convention after independence in 1917.
  10. ↑ Also known as "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit" ("Unity and justice and freedom"); only the third stanza of the song is the official national anthem.
  11. ↑ Uses the same melody as "God Save the Queen"
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 This refers to "God Defend New Zealand", not "God Save the Queen".
  13. ↑ Until the early 20th century, "Sønner av Norge" was the most recognised national anthem of Norway. Also "Norges Skaal" and "Mitt lille land" have at times been described as national anthems. Norway's unofficial royal anthem is "Kongesangen".
  14. ↑ "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" was first performed in 1864, but only gradually came to replace the older national anthem "Sønner av Norge" as de facto national anthem. It was adopted as the official national anthem 11 December 2019.
  15. ↑ Also known by its incipit: "Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła, kiedy my żyjemy" ("Poland Is Not Yet Lost, So long as we still live").
  16. ↑ "Zdravljica" was originally adopted by the Socialist Republic of Slovenia. Only the seventh stanza of the song is used as the national anthem.
  17. ↑ The "National Anthem of South Africa" is a hybrid of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" ("God Bless Africa") and "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika"
    ("The Call of South Africa").
  18. ↑ Declared official "Honor March" by Charles III in 1770, abolished 1820-1823, adopted as official anthem under Isabel II (r. 1833–1868), co-official during 1873-1874 and again abolished 1931-1939. Re-introduced in 1939.
  19. ↑ Sweden's royal anthem is "Kungssången".
  20. ↑ Thailand's royal anthem is "Phleng Sansoen Phra Barami".
  21. ↑ Royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom, but no official status as national anthem.
  22. ↑ Anthems of the Countries of the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland), sometimes described as "national anthems", are not listed here. As non-sovereign states, they are listed at List of regional anthems.
  23. ↑ This list is for those who have declared independence and are partially recognized.
  24. ↑ "National Banner Song" is used as the alternate state anthem for Taiwan at international sporting events such as the Olympic Games and World Baseball Classic.
  25. ↑ The official state name of Taiwan is the "Republic of China".

References[edit]

General
  • Hang, Xing (2003). Encyclopedia of National Anthems. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4847-4.
  • Minahan, James B. (2009). The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-34497-8.
Specific
  1. ↑ "Anthem". Reference.com. Lexico Publishing Group. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  2. ↑ "National anthem". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.
  3. ↑ "Royal anthem "God Save The Queen"". Department of Canadian Heritage. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  4. ↑ "What are the world's oldest national anthems?". NationalAnthems.me. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  5. ↑ "The Dutch Royal House". Dutch Royal House. Archived from the original on 10 February 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  6. ↑ Japan Policy Research Institute JPRI Working Paper No. 79. Published July 2001. Retrieved 7 July 2007
  7. ↑ "Lost for words". The Economist. 26 July 2007. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  8. ↑ "'Bird's Nest' Ballads: Olympic National Anthems". NPR. 7 August 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  9. ↑ "God Save the King". 15. The Gentleman's Magazine. October 1745: 552. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "La Marseillaise". Fordham University. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  11. ↑ "Facts and figures". Government of Switzerland. Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  12. ↑ Ash, Timothy Garton (17 January 2008). "There are great national anthems – now we need an international one". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  13. ↑ "List of Member States". United Nations. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  14. ↑ "List of Observer States". United Nations. Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  15. ↑ "Afghanistan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  16. ↑ "The Beethoven link to Afghan anthem". Hindustan Times. Indo-Asian News Service. 15 April 2006. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  17. ↑ Hang 2003, p. 2.
  18. ↑ "National Anthem". Embassy of Algeria. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  19. ↑ Hang 2003, p. 10.
  20. ↑ "Angola". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
  21. ↑ "Antigua and Barbuda". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  22. ↑ Minahan 2009, p. 658.
  23. ↑ "Símbolos Nacionales" [National Symbols] (in español). Presidency of the Argentine Nation. Retrieved 21 November 2011. La necesidad de tener una canción patriótica, que surgió con la Revolución de Mayo y que el Triunvirato supo comprender, se ve plasmada hoy en el Himno Nacional Argentino, con música de Blas Parera, letra de Vicente López y Planes, y arreglo de Juan P. Esnaola.
  24. ↑ Vega, Carlos (1962). El Himno Nacional Argentino [The Argentine National Anthem] (in español). Buenos Aires: Eudeba.
  25. ↑ Hang 2003, p. 24.
  26. ↑ "The Australian National Anthem". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
  27. ↑ "Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia – National Symbols". Parliament of Australia. 21 September 2005. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007. (proclamation by Governor-General dated 19 April 1984)
  28. ↑ Hang 2003, p. 31.
  29. ↑ "The National Symbols of the Republic of Azerbaijan". Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  30. ↑ "Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət himni haqqında" (PDF). mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  31. ↑ "National Symbols". Embassy of the Bahamas to the United States of America. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The Bahamas. Archived from the original on 19 June 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  32. ↑ Minahan 2009, p. 664.
  33. ↑ "Bahrain". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  34. ↑ Komol, Khalid Hasan (2012). "Das, Samar". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  35. ↑ "Barbados". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  36. ↑ "The National Anthem of Belarus". A Belarus Miscellany. 2005. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008.
  37. ↑ "Указ № 350 ад 2 лiпеня 2002 г." (in беларуская). 2 July 2002. Archived from the original on 4 March 2008.
  38. ↑ "Courrier des Pays-Bas: La Brabançonne". Retrieved 3 April 2013.
  39. ↑ Francis Martens, La Belgique en chantant, pp. 19–40, in Antoine Pickels and Jacques Sojcher (eds.), Belgique: toujours grande et belle, issues 1–2, Éditions Complexe, Brussels, 1998
  40. ↑ "Belize". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  41. ↑ "Benin". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  42. ↑ Penjore, Dorji; Kinga, Sonam (2002). The Origin and Description of The National Flag and National Anthem of The Kingdom of Bhutan (PDF). Thimphu: The Centre for Bhutan Studies. p. 14. ISBN 99936-14-01-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  43. ↑ Blackwell, Amy Hackney (2009). Independence Days: Holidays and Celebrations. Infobase Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-60413-101-7. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  44. ↑ "Bolivia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  45. ↑ "Bosnia Anthem Gets Lyrics After 10 Years", Bosnia Insight, 23 February 2009.
  46. ↑ "Botswana". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  47. ↑ Antunes, Anderson. "A Brief History Of The Brazilian National Anthem, And Why It Is The Tune Of The World Cup". Forbes.
  48. ↑ "Brunei". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  49. ↑ "Химнът на България през превратностите на времето". socbg.com. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  50. ↑ "Burkina Faso". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  51. ↑ "Burundi". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  52. ↑ "Cambodia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  53. ↑ "Cameroon". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  54. ↑ Department of Canadian Heritage. "Patrimoine canadien – Hymne national du Canada". Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from the original on 26 February 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  55. ↑ Canada. Parliament, House of Commons. (1964). House of Commons debates, official report. Vol. 11. Queen's Printer. p. 11806.
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  60. ↑ Revista Chilena. "Himno Nacional de Chile". Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  61. ↑ 《中华人民共和国国歌》 [Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guógē, "National Anthem of the People's Republic of China"]. State Council of the People's Republic of China (Beijing), 2015. Accessed 21 January 2015. (in Chinese)
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  63. ↑ "Comoros". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
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  77. ↑ "Símbolu Nasionál" (in tetun). Governul Timor-Leste. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  78. ↑ Presidency of Ecuador Archived 19 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  79. ↑ "Egypt National Anthem". Egypt Cairo. Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  80. ↑ "El Salvador". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  81. ↑ Cusack, Igor (2005). "African National Anthems: 'Beat the Drums, the Red Lion Has Roared'". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 17 (2): 235–51. doi:10.1080/13696850500448337. JSTOR 4141312. S2CID 163149597.
  82. ↑ "Eritrea". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  83. ↑ "The President of the Republic of Estonia: National Symbols". 14 January 2006. Archived from the original on 14 January 2006.
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  162. ↑ "Macedonian National Anthem". Virtual Macedonia. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
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  164. ↑ "Representantforslag om å vedta at "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" skal anerkjennes som Norges offisielle nasjonalsang". Stortinget. 4 June 2019.
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Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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